How often does an existing open condenser water system, or some other type of open water system, get reused as part of a building renovation project and/or mechanical system upgrade? It happens ...

TfL combines open and closed loop systems, using Oyster Cards, contactless card payments, and NFC Google or Apple pay, alongside physical ticketing. Transport for London (TfL) has long been regarded ...

Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

Miroslav Katsarov is the CEO of Modeshift, a technology company bringing intelligent transportation to small- and mid-size transit agencies. Open-loop payments have emerged as a high-profile trend in ...