You can generate a variable dc reference voltage with a DAC or with a PWM (pulse-width-modulation) signal from your controller (Figure 1). The accuracy of the voltage source that the ...

LED-driver circuits can be dimmed by applying a variable duty cycle (pulse-width modulation, or PWM) to the LED. PWM exploits LED behavior: At higher current levels, the LED’s light output is higher ...

Sometimes you need to generate a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal for your circuit to simulate a certain behavior. The technique described here generates a simple programmable PWM signal for less ...

Many embedded-microcontroller applications require generation of analog signals. An integrated or stand-alone DAC fills the role. However, you can often use PWM signals for generating the required ...

Sometimes when a project is coming together, you need to cobble a tool together to get it completed. Whether it’s something very involved, like building a 3D printer to fabricate custom parts, or ...

Webasto has been granted a patent for a method to check semiconductor switch faults. By evaluating current measurements or voltage pulses based on duty cycle, faults like short circuits or open ...

Trying to create controllable low voltages – μVs – using a microcontroller is tricky. Even is only relative, rather than absolute, accuracy is required. The issue is working near oV – frequently even ...

CPU and VGA cards nowadays generate increasing amount of heat which leads to high case ambient temperature. Some users will use more case fans to cool down the case. However, this will produce more ...