About 1,800 miles beneath the surface, Earth’s internal structure changes abruptly where the solid rock of the mantle meets the swirling molten iron of the outer core. But the boundary between the ...

Scientists have uncovered a previously unknown doughnut-shaped region within Earth's outer core, offering new insights into the dynamics of the planet's magnetic field. Located thousands of kilometers ...

The Earth’s inner core, a solid sphere predominantly composed of iron and nickel, occupies a central role in our planet’s evolution and geodynamo processes. Although hidden beneath thousands of ...

Stanford scientists have developed a new method for identifying rare earthquakes in the Earth’s upper mantle, under the ...

By the latter half of the 20th century, scientists developed a comprehensive theory of the Earth's structure and dynamics had formed. As the century played out, perspectives shifted to a more ...