Earth's crust ranges from 5 to 70 kilometers in thickness and serves as the planet's outermost layer. This thin shell represents less than one percent of Earth's total mass, yet it's the only layer we ...

Earth's inner layers have just got a bit more complicated, with scientists discovering a whole new inner core within the center of the planet. Research released on February 21 in the journal Nature ...

Earth's middle layer is chunky, like peanuts in a sea of caramel. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. In Geology 101, Earth's ...

Figure showing that the dark matter waves (in red) drive the ionosphere's plasma to produce photons (in green) which propagate down (to the left) to the Earth's surface. Credit: Physical Review ...

thermal characteristics (temperature changes), chemical composition, movement, and density. Each of the layers are bounded by "pauses" where the greatest changes in thermal characteristics, chemical ...