PMOS transistors are less vulnerable to substrate noise since they’re placed in separate wells; designers implement guard rings to attenuate the substrate noise propagation. However, substrate noise ...
A Zener diode can be used as an overvoltage protector that shunts fault current through ground via a current-limiting resistor (Figure 2). Note that the Zener protection is effective only if the Zener ...
A key subsystem in a programmable logic controller is the analog input module, which provides a high-precision front end to measure a wide variety of sensors. In many cases, however, the amplifier ...
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